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As shown in the diagram on the left:
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Pulses of air (or gas) are, in this case, released beneath round, flat accumulator plates fastened close to the tank bottom.
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Large, flat bubbles are formed immediately above the plates and rise to the surface.
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As the bubble rises it pulls the liquid from below up behind it, pushing the liquid above to the surface.
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As the bubble breaks the surface, the liquid is pushed sideways and dragged downwards, creating a convection current in the vessel.
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